A. Skin structure
The
skin is the
largest organ of the body.
The skin has a complex structure that can perform
many functions. In general it can be said that the skin
consists of two layers
of the outer layer or epidermis,
and the inner layer or dermis.
1. The outer layer
/ epidermis
The epidermis consists of several living cell lines were covered
by a layer of dead cells that have hardened. Layer of dead skin cells that constantly
flake off and replaced by dead skin cells that are called "desquamation".
At the base of the epidermis layer of cells are called melanocytes. The cells that
produce melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin. Melanin also
protects the skin from damage caused by solar radiation.
2. Layer in / dermis
The
epidermis is supported by the dermis, which determines the color of skin.
Dermis is formed by a supple and elastic tissue, the collagen and elastin
fibers that support the skin and give color, elasticity and strength.
Conditions of the collagen and elastin fibers will determine the condition of
the skin, is taut without wrinkles, or wrinkles or saggy and sagged. The dermis contains sweat and oil
glands (sebaceous glands). Edge glands forming pores. The oil glands secrete
sebum, a kind of sour oil layer, which serves to lubricate the skin and keep it
healthy. The number of glands were somewhat more on the face and back. In the
dermis there are also channels the blood that supplies oxygen and nutrients to
the skin. Functioning sweat glands remove dirt and regulate body temperature.
3. Collagen and Elastin
Protein fibers that make up the dermis are collagen and elastin.
Fibers that make skin elastic and strong. Damage to the fibers that make the skin
becomes loose and wrinkled.
4. Acid layer
Sebum or oil released by oil glands, along with sweat,
forming a protective layer on the surface of the skin called the acid mantle. Layer
it will react if the acidic and protects skin from bacterial activity. Chemicals,
caustic and alkaline pH can change the skin and cause various problems.
B. Skin Type
Skin type is determined by the activity of oil glands
(sebaceous glands). Skin
types can be distinguished:
1.
Normal
skin
Skin is balanced, not too oily, not too dry, has a smooth
texture and bright, beaming.
2.
Dry
skin
Oil glands in
the skin kind of dry somewhat less active. This skin is less oil and moisture, with
a texture that is very thin and fragile, and vulnerable to the effects of
changes in temperature and humidity, dry skin easy to peel, and faster wrinkled
and creased.
3. Oily Skin
In this type of
skin oil glands are overactive. The skin becomes looks shiny, with a rough
texture due to enlarged pores. This resulted pores are easily clogged, and the
trend of the emergence of blackheads, boils and acne.
4.
Skin
mix
This type of
skin has an oily parts, while the surrounding areas dry. T zone, consisting of the
forehead, nose, chin, usually greasy, medium dry the cheeks and eyes. Skin type
is most commonly found.
In addition to the
above types, there is also the skin that are more extreme versions of the types
listed above. Skin types will be discussed in a special section that discusses
the problem skin, aging skin, and so on.
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